Hi Feri,
Yes, a firewall filter is the same as the ACL on a Cisco.
In a nutshell:
"Security policies enforce a set of rules for transit traffic, identifying which traffic can pass through the firewall and the actions taken on the traffic as it passes through the firewall."
http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=KB16553
"A stateless firewall filter, also known as an access control list (ACL), is a long-standing JUNOS feature used to define stateless packet filtering and quality of service (QoS). A stateless firewall filter statically evaluates packet contents. A stateful firewall filter uses connection state information derived from past communications and other applications to make dynamic control decisions."
http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=KB16685